by Tahmidur Remura Wahid | May 14, 2026 | Uncategorized
Court-annexed mediation in Bangladesh under Section 89A of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 is a structured process in which a civil court refers a pending suit to mediation with the consent of the parties. It is one of the most important mechanisms for reducing the backlog of civil cases in Bangladesh’s courts and has enabled thousands of disputes to be resolved quickly and cost-effectively.
History and Development of Court-Annexed Mediation in Bangladesh
Court-annexed mediation in Bangladesh was introduced by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act 2003, which inserted Section 89A into the CPC. The provision was inspired by the success of court-annexed mediation in other common law jurisdictions, including India and the United Kingdom. Since its introduction, court-annexed mediation has been used to resolve thousands of civil disputes in Bangladesh, significantly reducing the backlog of cases in the country’s courts.
The Court-Annexed Mediation Process in Bangladesh
Consent of the Parties
Court-annexed mediation under Section 89A CPC requires the consent of both parties. The court cannot compel the parties to mediate. However, courts in Bangladesh actively encourage parties to consent to mediation, and there is increasing judicial pressure to use mediation before proceeding to trial.
Referral Order
Once both parties consent, the court issues an order referring the suit to mediation and staying the proceedings pending the outcome. The order specifies the time limit for the mediation.
Mediation Sessions
The mediator holds joint and separate sessions with the parties and their lawyers. The mediator facilitates negotiations and helps the parties explore options for settlement.
Outcome
If mediation results in a settlement, the parties sign a settlement agreement, which is filed with the court as a compromise under Order XXIII, Rule 3 of the CPC. If mediation fails, the suit proceeds to trial.
TRW Law Firm: Court-Annexed Mediation Services in Bangladesh
TRW Law Firm provides expert legal advice and representation in court-annexed mediations across Bangladesh. Contact TRW at tahmidurrahman.com or visit lawfirm.com.bd.
Frequently Asked Questions
What types of civil cases are suitable for court-annexed mediation in Bangladesh?
All types of civil cases are potentially suitable for court-annexed mediation, including property disputes, money suits, contract disputes, and partition suits. Courts in Bangladesh regularly refer all types of civil cases to mediation.
How long does court-annexed mediation take in Bangladesh?
Most court-annexed mediations in Bangladesh are completed within 60 days of the referral order, though the time limit can be extended by the court.
What happens if court-annexed mediation fails in Bangladesh?
If court-annexed mediation fails, the suit proceeds to trial in the normal way. Nothing said during mediation can be used as evidence in the trial.
Related articles: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Bangladesh | Arbitration Lawyer in Bangladesh | Commercial Arbitration in Bangladesh
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Contact TRW Law Firm
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by Tahmidur Remura Wahid | May 14, 2026 | Uncategorized
Court mediation in Bangladesh is a form of court-annexed mediation in which a civil or family court facilitates the settlement of a pending dispute by referring it to a neutral mediator. Governed by Section 89A of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 (for civil suits) and the Family Courts Ordinance 1985 (for family disputes), court mediation in Bangladesh has become an important tool for reducing the backlog of cases in the country’s courts.
Legal Framework for Court Mediation in Bangladesh
Section 89A CPC
Section 89A CPC empowers civil courts to refer pending suits to mediation with the consent of the parties. If mediation results in a settlement, the court records it as a compromise decree. If mediation fails, the suit proceeds to trial.
The Family Courts Ordinance 1985
The Family Courts Ordinance 1985 requires the Family Court to attempt to reconcile the parties in family suits before proceeding to trial. This mandatory reconciliation attempt is a form of court-annexed mediation.
The Artha Rin Adalat Ain 2003
The Artha Rin Adalat Ain 2003 provides for mediation in financial loan recovery cases, requiring the court to refer the matter to mediation before proceeding to trial.
Advantages of Court Mediation in Bangladesh
Court mediation in Bangladesh offers several significant advantages over full trial proceedings: speed (most mediations conclude within days, compared to years of litigation), cost-effectiveness (mediation is significantly cheaper than a full trial), confidentiality (mediation proceedings are private), preservation of relationships (mediation encourages cooperative problem-solving), and flexibility (the parties can craft creative settlement solutions that a court could not impose).
TRW Law Firm: Court Mediation Services in Bangladesh
TRW Law Firm provides expert legal advice and representation in court mediations across Bangladesh. Contact TRW at tahmidurrahman.com or visit tahmidur.com.
Frequently Asked Questions
How does court mediation differ from private mediation in Bangladesh?
Court mediation is initiated by the court and takes place within the court framework. Private mediation is initiated by the parties themselves, outside the court framework. Both types of mediation are governed by the same principles, but court mediation results in a compromise decree that is enforceable as a court order.
Can I choose my mediator in court mediation in Bangladesh?
Yes. The parties may agree on a mediator from the court’s panel or from a panel maintained by BIAC or BIArb. If they cannot agree, the court appoints the mediator.
Is court mediation confidential in Bangladesh?
Yes. Court mediation proceedings are confidential. Nothing said during mediation can be used as evidence in subsequent court proceedings.
Related articles: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Bangladesh | Arbitration Lawyer in Bangladesh | Commercial Arbitration in Bangladesh
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Contact TRW Law Firm
If you need expert legal advice on this matter, contact TRW Law Firm — one of Bangladesh’s leading law firms specialising in ADR, arbitration, and commercial litigation. Visit tahmidurrahman.com or meheruba.com to speak with a specialist today.
by Tahmidur Remura Wahid | May 14, 2026 | Uncategorized
Civil case mediation in Bangladesh under Section 89A of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 is one of the most important mechanisms for reducing the backlog of civil cases in Bangladesh’s courts. By allowing courts to refer pending civil suits to mediation with the consent of the parties, Section 89A has enabled thousands of civil disputes to be resolved quickly and cost-effectively, without the need for full trial proceedings.
Legal Basis for Civil Case Mediation in Bangladesh
Section 89A of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 (inserted by the Code of Civil Procedure (Amendment) Act 2003) empowers civil courts to refer pending suits to mediation with the consent of the parties. If mediation results in a settlement, the court records it as a compromise decree under Order XXIII, Rule 3 of the CPC, which is enforceable as a court order. If mediation fails, the suit proceeds to trial in the normal way.
Types of Civil Cases Referred to Mediation in Bangladesh
Section 89A CPC applies to all civil suits, including property disputes, money suits, contract disputes, partition suits, and other civil matters. Courts in Bangladesh regularly refer all types of civil cases to mediation, particularly cases involving disputes between parties who have an ongoing relationship (such as business partners, neighbours, or family members).
The Civil Case Mediation Process Under Section 89A CPC
Referral Order
The court issues an order referring the suit to mediation and staying the proceedings pending the outcome. The order specifies the time limit for the mediation (usually 60 days, extendable by the court).
Appointment of the Mediator
The parties agree on a mediator from the court’s panel or from a panel maintained by BIAC or BIArb. The mediator must be impartial and independent.
Mediation Sessions
The mediator holds joint and separate sessions with the parties and their lawyers. The mediator facilitates negotiations and helps the parties explore options for settlement.
Settlement or Failure
If mediation results in a settlement, the parties sign a settlement agreement, which is filed with the court as a compromise under Order XXIII, Rule 3 of the CPC. If mediation fails, the suit proceeds to trial.
TRW Law Firm: Civil Case Mediation Services in Bangladesh
TRW Law Firm provides expert legal advice and representation in civil case mediations across Bangladesh. Contact TRW at tahmidurrahman.com or visit meheruba.com.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is civil case mediation compulsory in Bangladesh?
Civil case mediation under Section 89A CPC requires the consent of both parties. However, courts in Bangladesh actively encourage parties to consent to mediation, and there is increasing judicial pressure to use mediation before proceeding to trial.
What happens if one party refuses to participate in civil case mediation in Bangladesh?
If one party refuses to participate in mediation, the suit proceeds to trial in the normal way. However, the court may take the refusal into account when making costs orders.
Can a civil case mediation settlement be enforced in Bangladesh?
Yes. A settlement reached in civil case mediation is recorded as a compromise decree by the court, which is enforceable as a court order through the court’s execution process.
Related articles: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Bangladesh | Arbitration Lawyer in Bangladesh | Commercial Arbitration in Bangladesh
For expert legal advice, visit tahmidurrahman.com | lawfirm.com.bd
Contact TRW Law Firm
If you need expert legal advice on this matter, contact TRW Law Firm — one of Bangladesh’s leading law firms specialising in ADR, arbitration, and commercial litigation. Visit tahmidurrahman.com or lawfirm.com.bd to speak with a specialist today.
by Tahmidur Remura Wahid | May 14, 2026 | Uncategorized
Real estate arbitration in Bangladesh is an effective mechanism for resolving disputes arising from property development, sale, purchase, and lease transactions. Given the complexity of real estate disputes — which often involve large sums of money, complex title issues, and technical questions about construction and development — arbitration offers significant advantages over court litigation for resolving these disputes in Bangladesh.
Types of Real Estate Disputes Suitable for Arbitration in Bangladesh
Property Development Disputes
Disputes between developers and contractors, or between developers and buyers, over the construction and delivery of residential and commercial properties are well-suited to arbitration. These disputes often involve complex technical and financial issues that require specialist expertise.
Property Sale and Purchase Disputes
Disputes arising from the sale and purchase of real estate — including disputes over the payment of the purchase price, the delivery of title documents, and the condition of the property — can be resolved efficiently through arbitration.
Lease Disputes
Disputes between landlords and tenants over commercial and residential leases — including disputes over rent, service charges, repairs, and the termination of the lease — are well-suited to arbitration.
Joint Venture Disputes
Disputes between joint venture partners in real estate development projects — including disputes over the management of the project, the distribution of profits, and the exit of a partner — can be resolved through arbitration.
Legal Framework for Real Estate Arbitration in Bangladesh
Real estate arbitration in Bangladesh is governed by the Arbitration Act 2001. The substantive legal framework for real estate transactions in Bangladesh includes the Transfer of Property Act 1882, the Registration Act 1908, the Contract Act 1872, and the Real Estate Development and Management Act 2010.
TRW Law Firm: Real Estate Arbitration Services in Bangladesh
TRW Law Firm provides expert legal advice and representation in real estate arbitrations across Bangladesh. Contact TRW at tahmidurrahman.com or visit lawfirm.com.bd.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I arbitrate a real estate dispute in Bangladesh?
Yes. Real estate disputes are arbitrable in Bangladesh, subject to the parties having a valid arbitration agreement. Courts in Bangladesh have consistently upheld arbitration clauses in real estate contracts.
How long does real estate arbitration take in Bangladesh?
Real estate arbitrations in Bangladesh typically take 6 to 18 months, depending on the complexity of the dispute and the availability of the parties and the arbitrator.
What are the advantages of real estate arbitration over court litigation in Bangladesh?
The main advantages are speed, confidentiality, the ability to appoint a specialist arbitrator with real estate expertise, and the international enforceability of the award.
Related articles: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Bangladesh | Arbitration Lawyer in Bangladesh | Commercial Arbitration in Bangladesh
For expert legal advice, visit tahmidurrahman.com | tahmidur.com
Contact TRW Law Firm
If you need expert legal advice on this matter, contact TRW Law Firm — one of Bangladesh’s leading law firms specialising in ADR, arbitration, and commercial litigation. Visit tahmidurrahman.com or tahmidur.com to speak with a specialist today.
by Tahmidur Remura Wahid | May 14, 2026 | Uncategorized
Institutional arbitration in Bangladesh is arbitration administered by a recognised arbitral institution — primarily the Bangladesh International Arbitration Centre (BIAC) or the Bangladesh Institute of Arbitration (BIArb). Institutional arbitration provides a structured, professionally administered framework for resolving commercial disputes, with established procedural rules, a panel of experienced arbitrators, and administrative support throughout the proceedings.
BIAC: Bangladesh International Arbitration Centre
BIAC is the leading arbitral institution in Bangladesh, established in 2011 as a joint initiative of the International Chamber of Commerce Bangladesh, the Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce and Industry Dhaka, and the Chittagong Chamber of Commerce and Industry. BIAC administers arbitrations under the BIAC Arbitration Rules and mediations under the BIAC Mediation Rules. It maintains a panel of experienced arbitrators and mediators and provides modern hearing facilities in Dhaka.
BIArb: Bangladesh Institute of Arbitration
BIArb is another recognised arbitral institution in Bangladesh, providing arbitration and mediation services under its own rules. BIArb also provides training and accreditation for arbitrators and mediators in Bangladesh.
International Institutional Options for Bangladesh Disputes
ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)
ICC arbitration is widely used in international contracts involving Bangladeshi parties, particularly in the energy, infrastructure, and financial sectors. ICC arbitration is administered from Paris and is known for its rigorous case management.
SIAC (Singapore International Arbitration Centre)
SIAC is a popular choice for disputes involving Bangladeshi and other Asian parties, given Singapore’s reputation as a neutral, efficient arbitration seat.
LCIA (London Court of International Arbitration)
LCIA arbitration is used in contracts governed by English law or involving parties from common law jurisdictions.
TRW Law Firm: Institutional Arbitration Services in Bangladesh
TRW Law Firm has extensive experience in institutional arbitration in Bangladesh, representing clients in BIAC, BIArb, ICC, SIAC, and LCIA arbitrations. Contact TRW at tahmidurrahman.com or visit tahmidur.com.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between BIAC and BIArb in Bangladesh?
Both BIAC and BIArb are recognised arbitral institutions in Bangladesh. BIAC is the larger and more internationally connected institution, with links to ICC, SIAC, and APRAG. BIArb also provides arbitration and mediation services and training for arbitrators and mediators.
Is institutional arbitration more expensive than ad hoc arbitration in Bangladesh?
Institutional arbitration is generally more expensive than ad hoc arbitration because of the institutional fees. However, institutional arbitration provides more administrative support and procedural safeguards, which can be valuable for complex disputes.
Can I choose any arbitral institution for a Bangladesh dispute?
Yes, subject to the agreement of the other party. The parties can choose any arbitral institution — BIAC, BIArb, ICC, SIAC, or LCIA — by including the appropriate institutional clause in their contract.
Related articles: Alternative Dispute Resolution in Bangladesh | Arbitration Lawyer in Bangladesh | Commercial Arbitration in Bangladesh
For expert legal advice, visit tahmidurrahman.com | meheruba.com
Contact TRW Law Firm
If you need expert legal advice on this matter, contact TRW Law Firm — one of Bangladesh’s leading law firms specialising in ADR, arbitration, and commercial litigation. Visit tahmidurrahman.com or meheruba.com to speak with a specialist today.
