Overview
The Land Survey Tribunal in Bangladesh is a specialized forum created to resolve disputes relating to the correction of land records. It functions as an alternative to lengthy civil litigation, focusing specifically on disputes arising from the final publication of land survey records. This guide explains the Tribunal’s legal foundation, jurisdiction, powers, procedures, and appeal mechanism in a clear and structured way.
What is the Land Survey Tribunal in Bangladesh?
The Land Survey Tribunal is established under Sections 145A to 145I of the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act. These provisions empower the government to create special tribunals dedicated to correcting errors in the final record of rights.
The purpose is straightforward: instead of burdening civil courts with technical land record disputes, the Tribunal provides a faster, focused summary procedure. Tribunals have been set up in most districts across Bangladesh to handle these matters.
Under Section 145D, the Tribunal follows procedural principles drawn from the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, ensuring due process while maintaining efficiency.
Understanding the Record of Rights (Khatian)
The Record of Rights, commonly known as a Khatian, is an official land record documenting ownership, possession, and related interests in land.
These records are critical because they:
- Establish ownership and lawful possession
- Reflect mutation and transfer history
- Serve as key evidence in land disputes
- Support lawful land transactions
Entries in the record are presumed correct unless disproved. Anyone claiming an entry is inaccurate carries the burden of proof.
Updating and Correcting Land Records
When a person acquires land rights through inheritance, purchase, lease, gift, mortgage, or division, the change must be reported to the relevant land office within the legally prescribed time. Proper mutation and record maintenance protect ownership claims and reduce disputes.
If an error appears in the final survey record, the Land Survey Tribunal is the proper authority to seek correction.
Jurisdiction of the Land Survey Tribunal
The Tribunal’s jurisdiction is limited but precise.
It can only hear disputes arising from the final publication of the most recent land survey record, including:
- BS (Bangladesh Survey)
- BRS (Bangladesh Revised Survey)
- RS (Revisional Survey)
- Dhaka City Jorip records
The Tribunal cannot alter earlier or superseded records. Its authority is strictly confined to correcting the latest officially published record of rights.
Powers of the Land Survey Tribunal
The Tribunal has the authority to:
- Examine disputed record entries
- Declare a record incorrect
- Direct the appropriate land office to amend records
- Issue consequential orders necessary to enforce its decision
Every correction order must explicitly state why the record is wrong and how it should be corrected.
Appeals Process
If a party is dissatisfied with a Tribunal decision, they may appeal to the Land Survey Appellate Tribunal.
Key timelines:
- Appeal must be filed within 3 months of the decision
- A delayed appeal may still be accepted if justified
The Appellate Tribunal reviews judgments, decrees, and orders issued by the Land Survey Tribunal and has authority to affirm, modify, or overturn decisions.
Practical Importance
Land disputes in Bangladesh often arise from inaccurate or outdated records. The Tribunal system exists to provide:
- Faster dispute resolution
- Specialized adjudication
- Reduced litigation burden
- Greater certainty in land ownership
For property owners, purchasers, and developers, understanding Tribunal jurisdiction prevents procedural mistakes that can delay or derail land claims.
Legal Assistance
Specialized legal guidance is often critical when challenging land records. Experienced practitioners can prepare applications, evidence, and appeals to maximize the chance of a favorable outcome.
TR Barristers in Bangladesh assists clients with land record correction proceedings, Tribunal representation, and appellate advocacy.
Contact:
Email: info@trfirm.com
Phone: +8801847220062 | +8801779127165
Office: Mohakhali DOHS, Dhaka, Bangladesh
